Manufacture of threads for incandescent mantles or illuminating-bodies.



PATENTBD APR. 12, 1904 A M. PLAISSETTY. MANUFAGIURE OF THREADS FOR INGANDESOENT MANTLES 0R ILLUMINATING BODIES. APPLICATION FILED mm. 14. 1902.

N0 MODEL.

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AEHILLE Mi PLAESS T Gil i i atented April i2, 19*! arr, on PARIS, nuance.

is-lANUFACl'UFiE OF THREADS; FOR iitCllllhhSCEillblfiAliH-525 fill ll llltilllil'illlfifilllllES.

QPEGIFEEATMN forming part of Letters Patent No. 758,885, dated April 1533, 1904i.

- Application filed March 14, 1902. Serial Biol-98:273. (lie model.) i

To a123 whom it may concern Be it known that LAeHILin M. Pmrssn'rrr, engineer, a citizen of the United States, residingat 158 Rue de UourcelleaPai-is, France,

5 have invented new and useful Improvement in the Manufacture oflhreads for Incandescent Mantles or illuminating-Bodies, of which the following is a specification.

bodies obtained from cotton threads do not possess suiiicient elasticity and strength and after burning for several hours lose from twenty-five to thirty per cent. of their illuininating power. These disadvantages are the consequence of the fact that the amount of or genie matter contained in the cotton threads impregnated with rare earths is large in relation to the amount of inorganic matter, and therefore the illuminating-body obtained by the use of cotton threads shows a porousand tubular structure afterits incineration. Dun ing the incandescence such mantles shrink and decrease in volume and radiating'surface. A further disadvantage consists in the fact that equally nor in large quantities. Also the amount of these earths is not equally distributcd throughout the remaining net or mantle,

whereby the lighting power is'considcrably diminished. Finally, these'impregnated cotton threads are very hygroscopic and have to be dried at a relatively high temperature, and in consequence the acids contained in the impregmating-salts of rare earths considerably attack the vegetable fiber, so that the mantle cannot be preserved in this condition for a sufliciently "long time.

The object of. this invention is to obtain threads which are destined to form illuminating mantles or bodies being free from the above-mentioned disadvantages.

I have shown an illuminating-body com- 1, posed of filaments produced in aceordance with my invention in the accompanying drawings,

e wherein Figure 1 is a View showing a mantle formed 1 a filament produced inaccordanee with my invention, said filament being enlarged sixteen dlameters.

The incandescent mantles or. illuminating the cotton fiber does not absorb the rareearths M Fig. 2 is a similar View showing 5 filament enlarged thirtyeix diameters.

Sehweitzers reagent; Thcnl mix these o'rids,

hydroxide, or the like intimately with the am moniaeal solution of cupric onid, from which mixture by forcing it through fine openings I. obtain filaments which are qualified for terming tissues destined for the Inanuiacfim.re oi incandescent mantles or other illuminating bodies. r

1 preferably prepare the above-mentioned Schweitzers reagent by passing a current of air through a solution of ammonia containing small chips of copper in suspension; but I can also take other similar liquor, which I prepare by dissolving cupric oxid or carbonates or hydrocarbonates of copper in liquid ammonia. in these concentrated copper solutionsl dissolve the cellulose, preferably in "the form ofpa'per. I preferably accelerate the solution by stirring the liquor and by applying a cellulose of great purity minutely separated. l filter the obtained cellulose s lutien of the impurities in the manner usual in the filtration of liquors containing 00 I dion (nitrocellulose) which are destined ler the manufacture of artificial silk. ldoriri stance, I squeeze the mixture containing the cellulose-copper solution and the rare earths through fabric the meshes of which are finer than the openings of the machine which I use afterward for spinning threads. into the filtered. solution I intimately incorporate the hydroxide of the incandescent salts, preferably in a gelatinous form, The proportions of salts or-other' compounds I employ depend upon the nature and the concentration '0'? the rare-earth compounds used-e. 5., upon the amount of anhydrous oxide they containpossible, becausea good result. oithe present "too process depends upon this mining destined for incandescent mantl s which are provided with capillary unes dimensioned according to the diameter'which I desire to give the filaments. I force the mixture through the capillary openings of the said vessels by pressure, so that it issues in form o'f'jets or filaments. Then I pass these fine and viscous jets or filaments through a bath Suit-able for coagulating the mixture oi? which the jets or filaments are composed Without dissolving the oxide of the rare earths contained therein.

Generally I. prefer to coagulate the threads in a bath containing from five to ten or more per cent. of cyanid of potash cc cyauid of soda, in which bath the filaments lose a part of the copper and ammonia they CUUYJEUL However, .i do not limit myself to these solutions of c anid oi potash or soda as coagulating baths for the filaments or-thread obtained by but I can able bath r'or instance, suci containing hy droxylamin or its salts and the like or baths containing methylic or ethylic alcohol and the lilre and generally all kinds of neutral or alkaline reducing-baths which are capable to decompose coppereimmonia solutions by trans forming the cupric compounds therein contained to cuprous compounds.

The filaments after they lie e been coagu lated by any of the above-mentioned baths pass through tank's containing cold or hot water, which should be renewed continuously in order to completely e the filaments oi" the copper and ammonia they contain, To obtain this result, it will he to cm ploy several Water-tanks and to regulate carc fully the time of circulating the filaments through the Water-tanks. lifter carefully Washing ou he ammonia and copper, ivl'iich the filamentsretain energetically, they are passed through heated drying stoves until they have acquired the desired mgree of dryncss. Then they are wound. up on liiobbins,

in carrying out the abore-montioned steps of my proceesjn wactice and in order to assure a uniform result and to regulate the operations I. employ machinery to circulate the filaments tbro'u the wash; and coagulating baths and to circulate the filaments in the drying-stoves and to Wind them up onthc bobbins. 'lhis machinery resembles the Wellknown machinery hitherto employed for: vinhinghumid threads of collodion, (nitrocellu-j lose.) In some cases l. prefer to employ instead 0% the above described process the iiollowing simplified method: The ilamcntsleaviug thev coagulating-bath pass directly throughftlie clrying-etcves. However, I. prefer to wash 1 l l l l l employ any other suitl l l i l l l l l l assess the filaments a little by giving them a short passage through a single tank of Water. From there the filaments pass to the drying-stoves and then to the bobbins. in order to remove all the copper, I then form skeins of the lilauicntsflvhich 1 Wash in water or preferably pass first through solutions containing ammonia or cyanid of potash or sodato make the copper compounds contained in the filaments soluble. Then by repeatedly Washing the lilamcnts l succeed in eliminating thelast traces of copper. Aitcrdrying, these filaments, only containing cellulose and rare earths, are suitable for the n'iunufacture of incandescent mantles or other illuminating-bodios.

Filaments or threads produced as above do scribed possess great strength. and a high and uniform elasticity, and mantles obtained from tli' c use 0% the same are iusensible not only to humidity, but also to Water, are capable of being transported before incineration Without deterioration, and as these threads or filaments contain a large percentage of inorganic substances they are not por one or of tubular structu attcr incineratioh.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in ention and. in. Whatnianncr the same is to be performed, I. declare that What I claim is- 1. Process of manufacturing filaments destined for the manufacture of incandescent 1nanties consisting in incorporating the rare earths in solutions of cellulose and copper-ammonia compounds and then forcing the obtained mixture through small openings.

2. The process of mamifactiu-ing filaments tor incandescent mantles, consisting in procipitating hydrated oxide out of solutions of compounds of the rare earths by the addition of an alkali, then incorporating these oxids in a solution oi cellulose and copper ammonia, and finally forcing the obtained mixture through small openings, as and for the purpose set forth.

The process of producing filaments for use in the manufacture of incandescent man.- tles, ci'ansistiug in precipitating hydrated oxicls out of solutions of compounds of the rare earths by the addition to such solutions of ammonia, then incorporzning the precipitated oxids intermitteutlyiu solution of cellulose in cop per ammonium, and finally forcing the ob taiued viscous compound through small open: ing's to form the filaments, as and for the purpose set forth.

i. The process of producing filaments for use in the manufacture of incandescent mam tles, consisting in precipitating hydrated oxids out of solutions compounds of the rare earths by the addition to such solutions of an mania, then incorporating the precipitated oxideintermittently in a solution of cellulose in copper ammonium, then forcing-the obtained viscouscompound through small open."-

and consequently ings to form the filaments, and finally coagulating the said filaments, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The process of producing filaments for use in the manufacture of incandescent mantles,oonsisting in precipitating hydrated oxids out'of solutions of compounds of the rare earths by the addition of ammonia, then intermitte ntly"incorporating these oxids in a solution of cellulose dissolved 'in copper am-- monium, then forcing the viscous fluid thus obtained through small openings, and finally coagulating the resulting filaments in an alkaline bath, as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The process of producing filaments for use in the manufacture of incandescent mantles, consisting in precipitating hydrated oxids out of solutions of compounds of i the rare earths by the addition of ammonia, then incorporating these oxids in a solution of cellulose dissolved in copper ammonium, then forecorporating these oxidsin a solution of cellulose dissolved in copper ammonium, then fore-- ing the viscous fluid thus obtained through small openings to form the filaments, then subjecting the filaments thus produced to a no 35 agulating-bath, then Washing the coagulated filaments 111 a Weak solution of ammonia, and

finally drying the same, as and. for the purpose i set forth.

8. The process of producing filaments for 4 i use in the manufacture of incandescent mamtles, consisting in dissolving cellulose ina so-. lution of copper ammonia, then incorporating in said solution oxide of illuminating metals,

and finally forcing the resulting viscous com- 45 pound through small openings, to formthe filaments, as and for the purpose set forth.

9. As an'article of manufacture, a material for making incandescent mantles comprising a plastic mass formed of an emulsion of the.5

rare earths, in a solution of cellulose, ammonium and copper salts, as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have afiixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

- ACT-ELLE M.

Witnesses ALBERT FnAIPoNT, GREGORY PHELAN. 

